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Book VI of the Code of Canon Law

Promulgated by Pope Francis on May 23, 2021

BOOK VI. PENAL SANCTIONS IN THE CHURCH

Part I. Delicts and Penalties in General

Title I. The Punishment of Delicts in General

Can. 1311 §1. The Church has the innate and proper right of coercing with penal sanctions those who commit delicts.
 §2. The one who is head of a Church must safeguard and promote the good of its own community and of each of the Christian faithful, through pastoral charity, example of life, advice and exhortation and, if useful, also through the imposition or declaration of penalties, according to the precepts of law applied with canonical equity, having before one's eyes the restoration of justice, the reform of the offender, and the reparation of scandal.

Can. 1312 §1. The penal sanctions in the Church are:
 1° medicinal penalties or censures, which are listed in canons 1331-1333;
 2° expiatory penalties, mentioned in canon 1336.
 §2. The law can establish other expiatory penalties which deprive a member of the Christian faithful of some spiritual or temporal good and which are consistent with the supernatural purpose of the Church.
 §3. Beyond these, penal remedies and penances mentioned in canons 1339 and 1340 are employed, the former especially to prevent delicts, the latter rather to substitute for or increase a penalty.

Title II. Penal Law and Penal Precept

Can. 1313 §1. If a law is changed after a delict has been committed, the law more favorable to the accused is to be applied.
 §2. If a later law abolished a law or at least a penalty, the penalty immediately ceases.

Can. 1314 A penalty is ordinarily ferendae sententiae, that is, it does not bind the guilty party until after it has been imposed; however, a penalty is latae sententiae, if the law or precept expressly establishes it, so that it is incurred ipso facto on the commission of the delict.

Can. 1315 §1. Whoever has power of issuing penal laws may also reinforce a divine law with an appropriate penalty.
 §2. An inferior legislator, attentive to canon 1317, can also:
 1° reinforce a law issued by a higher authority with a fitting penalty, having observed the limits by reason of territory or persons;
 2° add other penalties to those established for a particular delict in universal law;
 3° determine or render obligatory a penalty which is established as indeterminate or facultative in universal law.
 §3. A law itself can determine the penalty or leave its determination to the prudent assessment of the judge.

Can. 1316 Insofar as possible, diocesan bishops are to take care that penal laws are uniform in the same city or region.

Can. 1317 Penalties are to be established only insofar as they are truly necessary to provide more suitably for ecclesiastical discipline. An inferior legislator, however, cannot establish a penalty of dismissal from the clerical state.

Can. 1318 Latae sententiae penalties are not to be established, except possibly for certain singularly malicious delicts which either can result in graver scandal or cannot be punished effectively by ferendae sententiae penalties; censures, however, especially excommunication, are not to be established, except with the greatest moderation, and only for delicts of special grvaity.

Can. 1319 §1. Insofar as a person can impose precepts in the external form in virtue of the power of governance according to the prescripts of canons 48-58, the person can also threaten determinate penalties by precept, except perpetual expiatory penalties.
 §2. If, after the matter has been maturely considered, a penal precept is to be imposed, those things established in canons 1317 and 1318 are to be observed.

Can. 1320 The local ordinary can coerce religious with penalties in all those matters in which they are subject to him.

Title III. The Subject Liable to Penal Sanctions

Can. 1321 §1. A person is considered innocent until the contrary is proved.
 §2. No one is punished unless the external violation of a law or precept, committed by the person, is gravely imputable by reason of malice or negligence.
 §3. A penalty established by a law or precept binds the person who has deliberately violated the law or precept; however, a person who violated a law or precept by omitting necessary diligence is not punished unless the law or precept provides otherwise.
 §4. When an external violation has occurred, imputability is presumed unless it is otherwise apparent.

Can. 1322 Those who habitually lack the use of reason are considered to be incapable of a delict, even if they violated a law or precept while seemingly sane.

Can. 1323 The following are not subject to a penalty when they have violated a law or precept:
 1° a person who has not yet completed the sixteenth year of age;
 2° a person who without negligence was ignorant that he or she violated a law or precept; inadvertence and error are equivalent to ignorance;
 3° a person who acted due to physical force or a chance occurrence which the person could not foresee or, if foreseen, avoid;
 4° a person who acted coerced by grave fear, even if only relatively grave, or due to necessity or grave inconvenience unless the act is intrinsically evil or tends to the harm of souls;
 5° a person who acted with due moderation against an unjust aggressor for the sake of legitimate self-defense or defense of another;
 6° a person who lacked the use of reason, without prejudice to the prescripts of canons 1324 §1 n. 2 and 1326 §1 n. 4;
 7° a person who without negligence thought that one of the circumstances mentioned in nn. 4 or 5 was present.

Can. 1324 §1. The perpetrator of a violation is not exempt from a penalty, but the penalty established by law or precept must be tempered or a penance employed in its place if the delict was committed:
 1° by a person who had only the imperfect use of reason;
 2° by a person who lacked the use of reason because of drunkenness or another similar culpable disturbance of mind without prejudice to the provision of canon 1326 §1 n. 4;
 3° from grave heat of passion which did not precede and hinder all deliberation of mind and consent of will and provided that the passion itself had not been stimulated or fostered voluntarily;
 4° by a minor who has completed the age of sixteen years;
 5° by a person who was coerced by grave fear, even if only relatively grave, or acted due to necessity or grave inconvenience if the delict is intrinsically evil or tends to the harm of souls;
 6° by a person who acted without due moderation against an unjust aggressor for the sake of legitimate self-defense or defense of another;
 7° against someone who gravely and unjustly provokes the person;
 8° by a person who thought in culpable error that one of the circumstances mentioned in canon 1323, nn. 4 or 5 was present;
 9° by a person who without negligence did not know that a penalty was attached to a law or precept;
 10° by a person who acted without full imputability provided that the imputability was grave.
 §2. A judge can act in the same manner if another circumstance is present which diminishes the gravity of a delict.
 §3. In the circumstances mentioned in §1, the accused is not bound by a latae sententiae penalty; nevertheless, for the sake of repentance or repair of scandal, a lesser penalty or a penance may be imposed on the accused.

Can. 1325 Crass, supine, or affected ignorance can never be considered in applying the prescripts of canons 1323 and 1324.

Can. 1326 §1. A judge must punish the following more gravely than the law or precept has established:
 1° a person who after a condemnation or after the declaration of a penalty continues so to offend that from the circumstances the obstinate ill will of the person can prudently be inferred;
 2° a person who has been established in some dignity or who has abused a position of authority or office in order to commit the delict;
 3° a person who, when a penalty has been established against a delict based on negligence, foresaw the event and nonetheless omitted precautions to avoid it, which any diligent person would have employed.
 4° a person who committed an offence in a state of drunkenness or other mental disturbance, which was deliberately sought in order to commit the offence or to excuse it, or through passion which was deliberately aroused or fostered.
 §2. If the penalty established in the cases mentioned in §1 is latae sententiae, another penalty or a penance can be added.
 §3. In the same cases, if a facultative penalty was established, it becomes obligatory.

Can. 1327 Particular law can establish other exempting, mitigating, or aggravating circumstances besides those cases in canons 1323–1326, either by general norm or for individual delicts. Likewise, circumstances can be established in a precept which exempt from, mitigate, or increase a penalty established by the precept.

Can. 1328 §1. A person who has done or omitted something in order to commit a delict and yet, contrary to his or her intent, did not commit the delict is not bound by the penalty established for a completed delict unless the law or precept provides otherwise.
 §2. If the acts or omissions are by their nature conducive to the execution of the delict, however, their perpetrator can be subjected to a penance or penal remedy unless the perpetrator voluntarily ceased from carrying out the delict which had been initiated. If scandal or some other grave damage or danger resulted, however, the perpetrator, even if he or she voluntarily desisted, can be punished with a just penalty, although one lesser than that established for a completed delict.

Can. 1329 §1. If ferendae sententiae penalties are established for the principal perpetrator, those who conspire together to commit a delict and are not expressly named in a law or precept are subject to the same penalties or to others of the same or lesser gravity.
 §2. Accomplices who are not named in a law or precept incur a latae sententiae penalty attached to a delict if without their assistance the delict would not have been committed, and the penalty is of such a nature that it can affect them; otherwise, they can be punished by ferendae sententiae penalties.

Can. 1330 A delict which consists in a declaration or in another manifestation of will, doctrine, or knowledge must not be considered completed if no one perceives the declaration or manifestation.

Title IV. Penalties and Other Punishments

Chapter I. Censures

Can. 1331 §1. An excommunicated person is forbidden:
 1° from celebrating the sacrifice of the Eucharist and the other sacraments;
 2° from receiving the sacraments;
 3° from administering sacramentals and from celebrating other ceremonies of liturgical worship;
 4° from taking an active part in the celebrations listed above;
 5° from exercising any ecclesiastical offices, duties, ministries or functions;
 6° from performing acts of governance.
 §2. If a ferendae sententiae excommunication has been imposed or a latae sententiae excommunication has been declared, the offender:
 1° who wishes to act against the prescript of §1, nn. 1-4 must be prevented from doing so, or the liturgical action must be stopped unless a grave cause precludes this;
 2° invalidly places acts of governance which are illicit according to the norm of §1, n. 6;
 3° is prohibited from benefiting from privileges previously granted;
 4° does not acquire any recompense on account of a merely ecclesiastical title which the offender may have;
 5° is incapable of acquiring offices, duties, ministries, functions, rights, privileges or honorific titles.

Can. 1332 §1. An interdicted person is bound by the prohibitions mentioned in canon 1331 §1 nn. 1-4.
 §2. A law or precept however may define the interdict in such a way that the offender is prohibited only from certain particular actions mentioned in canon 1331 §1 nn. 1-4, or from certain other particular rights.
 §3. The prescript of canon 1331 §2 n. 1 is also to be observed in the case of interdict.

Can. 1333 §1. Suspension prohibits:
 1° all or some of the acts of the power of orders;
 2° all or some of the acts of the power of governance;
 3° the exercise of all or some of the rights or functions attached to an office.
 §2. A law or a precept can establish that a suspended person cannot validly place acts of governance after a condemnatory or declaratory sentence which imposes or declares a penalty.
 §3. A prohibition never affects:
 1° the offices or the power of governance which are not under the power of the superior who establishes the penalty;
 2° the right of residence which the offender may have by reason of office;
 3° the right to administer goods which may pertain to the office of the person suspended if the penalty is latae sententiae.
 §4. A suspension prohibiting a person from receiving benefits, a stipend, pensions, or any other such thing entails the obligation of making restitution for whatever has been received illegitimately, even if in good faith.

Can. 1334 §1. Within the limits established by the preceding canon, either the law or precept itself or the sentence or decree which imposes the penalty defines the extent of a suspension.
 §2. A law, but not a precept, can establish a latae sententiae suspension without additional determination or limitation; such a penalty has all the effects listed in can. 1333, §1.

Can. 1335 §1. If the competent authority imposes or declares a censure in a judicial process or by an extra-judicial decree, the same authority can also impose expiatory penalties considered necessary to restore justice or repair scandal.
 §2. If a censure prohibits the celebration of sacraments or sacramentals or the placing of an act of the power of governance, the prohibition is suspended whenever it is necessary to care for the faithful in danger of death. If a latae sententiae censure has not been declared, the prohibition is also suspended whenever a member of the faithful requests a sacrament or sacramental or an act of the power of governance; a person is permitted to request this for any just cause.

Chapter II. Expiatory Penalties

Can. 1336 §1. Expiatory penalties, which can affect the offender either perpetually, for a prescribed time, or for an indeterminate time, among others which the law may establish are those enumerated in §§2-5.
 §2. An order:
 1° to reside in a certain place or territory;
 2° to pay a monetary fine or a sum of money for the purposes of the Church, in accordance with the rules defined by the conference of bishops.
 §3. A prohibition:
 1° against residing in a certain place or territory;
 2° against exercising everywhere or inside or outside a certain place or territory, all or some offices, duties, ministries or functions, or only certain works attached to offices or duties;
 3° against performing all or some acts of the power of order;
 4° against performing all or some acts of the power of governance;
 5° against exercising any right or privilege or using insignia or titles;
 6° against enjoying an active or passive voice in canonical elections or taking part with a right to vote in ecclesial councils or colleges;
 7° against wearing ecclesiastical or religious dress.
 §4. A privation:
 1° of all or some offices, duties, ministries or functions, or only certain works attached to offices or duties;
 2° of the faculty of hearing confessions or of preaching;
 3° of a delegated power of governance;
 4° of some right, privilege, insignia or title;
 5° of all or some ecclesiastical remuneration, in accordance with the rules established by the conference of bishops, without prejudice to the prescript of canon 1350 §1.
 §5. Dismissal from the clerical state.

Can. 1337 §1. A prohibition against residing in a certain place or territory can affect both clerics and religious; however, the order to reside in a certain place or territory can affect secular clerics and, within the limits of the constitutions, religious.
 §2. To impose an order to reside in a certain place or territory requires the consent of the ordinary of that place unless it is a question of a house designated for clerics doing penance or being rehabilitated even from outside the diocese.

Can. 1338 §1. The expiatory penalties listed in canon 1336 never affect powers, offices, functions, rights, privileges, faculties, favors, titles, or insignia which are not subject to the power of the superior who establishes the penalty.
 §2. Privation of the power of orders is not possible but only a prohibition against exercising it or some of its acts; likewise, privation of academic degrees is not possible.
 §3. The norm given in canon 1335 §2 for censures must be observed for the prohibitions listed in can. 1336, §3.
 §4. Only those expiatory penalties enumerated as prohibitions in canon 1336 §3, or others that may perhaps be established by a law or precept, can be latae sententiae.
 §5. The prohibitions mentioned in canon 1336 §3 are never under pain of nullity.

Chapter III. Penal Remedies and Penances

Can. 1339 §1. An ordinary, personally or through another, can warn a person who is in the proximate occasion of committing a delict or upon whom, after investigation, grave suspicion of having committed a delict has fallen.
 §2. An ordinary can also rebuke a person whose behavior causes scandal or a grave disturbance of order, in a manner accommodated to the special conditions of the person and the deed.
 §3. The warning or rebuke must always be established at least by some document which is to be kept in the secret archive of the curia.
 §4. If on one or more occasions, warnings or rebukes given to a person have been without effect, or if it is not possible to expect them to have effect, the ordinary is to issue a penal precept which precisely orders what is to be done or avoided.
 §5. If a case is grave, and especially if a person may be in danger of relapsing in a delict, the ordinary is to subject the person to vigilance in a manner defined by means of a singular decree, even beyond the penalties imposed or declared according to the norm of law through a sentence or decree.

Can. 1340 §1. A penance, which can be imposed in the external forum, is the performance of some work of religion, piety, or charity.
 §2. A public penance is never to be imposed for an occult transgression.
 §3. According to his own prudent judgment, an ordinary can add penances to the penal remedy of warning or rebuke.

Title V. The Application of Penalties

Can. 1341 An ordinary must initiate a judicial or administrative process to impose or declare penalties when he perceives that neither means of pastoral correction, especially fraternal correction, nor warnings nor rebukes will be able to sufficiently restore justice, reform the offender and repair scandal.

Can. 1342 §1. Whenever just causes preclude a judicial process, a penalty can be imposed or declared by extrajudicial decree, observing canon 1720, especially in what concerns the right of defense, as well as moral certitude according to the norm of canon 1608 in the mind of the person who issues the decree. Penal remedies and penances can be applied by decree in any case whatsoever.
 §2. Perpetual penalties cannot be imposed or declared by decree, nor can penalties be so applied when the law or precept establishing them prohibits their application by decree.
 §3. What a law or precept states about the imposition or declaration of a penalty by a judge in a trial must be applied to a superior who imposes or declares a penalty by extrajudicial decree unless it is otherwise evident or unless it concerns prescripts which pertain only to procedural matters.

Can. 1343 If a law or precept grants the judge the faculty to apply or not to apply a penalty, the judge is to decide the matter according to his conscience and prudence, considering what is required for the restitution of justice, the reform of the offender, and the repair of scandal, and without prejudice to the prescript of canon 1326 §3; in these cases, if appropriate, the judge can also even temper the penalty or impose a penance in its place.

Can. 1344 Even if the law uses preceptive words, the judge can, according to his own conscience and prudence:
 1° defer the imposition of the penalty to a more opportune time if it is foreseen that greater evils will result from an overly hasty punishment of the offender, unless there is pressing need to repair scandal;
 2° abstain from imposing a penalty, impose a lighter penalty, or employ a penance if the offender has reformed and has also repaired the scandal and any harm that the offender may have caused, or if the offender has been or, it is foreseen, will be punished sufficiently by civil authority;
 3° suspend the obligation of observing an expiatory penalty if it is the first offense of an offender who has lived a praiseworthy life and if the need to repair scandal is not pressing, but in such a way that if the offender commits an offense again within the time determined by the judge, the person is to pay the penalty due for each delict unless in the interim the time for the prescription of a penal action has elapsed for the first delict.

Can. 1345 Whenever the offender had only the imperfect use of reason or committed the delict out of necessity, from grave fear, the heat of passion, or in drunkenness or another similar mental disturbance, without prejudice to the prescript of canon 1326 §1 n. 4, the judge can also abstain from imposing any penalty if the judge thinks that reform of the person can be better accomplished in another way; the offender, however, must be punished if the restoration of justice and the repair of any scandal that may have been caused cannot be provided for in any other way.

Can. 1346 §1. Ordinarily there are as many penalties as there are delicts.
 §2. Nevertheless, whenever the offender has committed several delicts, if the sum of the ferendae sententiae penalties appears excessive, it is left to the prudent decision of the judge to moderate the penalties within equitable limits and subject the offender to vigilance.

Can. 1347 §1. A censure cannot be imposed validly unless the offender has been warned at least once beforehand to withdraw from contumacy and has been given a suitable time for repentance.
 §2. An offender must be considered to have withdrawn from contumacy who has truly repented of the delict and has also made suitable reparation for scandal and harm or at least has seriously promised to do so.

Can. 1348 When an accused is acquitted of an accusation or when no penalty is imposed, the ordinary can provide for the welfare of the person and for the public good through appropriate warnings and other means of pastoral solicitude or even through penal remedies if the matter warrants it.

Can. 1349 If a penalty is indeterminate, and the law does not provide otherwise, in determining the penalties the judge is to choose those that are proportionate to the scandal caused and the gravity of the harm. The judge is not however to impose graver penalties, unless the seriousness of the case clearly demands it. Even so, the judge cannot impose perpetual penalties.

Can. 1350 §1. Unless it concerns dismissal from the clerical state, when penalties are imposed on a cleric, provision must always be made so that he does not lack those things necessary for his decent support.
 §2. In the best manner possible, however, the ordinary is to take care to provide for a person dismissed from the clerical state who is truly in need because of the penalty, but not by conferral of an office, ministry or function.

Can. 1351 Unless other provision is expressly made, a penalty binds the offender everywhere, even when the authority of the one who established, imposed or declared the penalty has lapsed.

Can. 1352 §1. If a penalty prohibits the reception of the sacraments or sacramentals, the prohibition is suspended as long as the offender is in danger of death.
 §2. The obligation to observe an undeclared latae sententiae penalty which is not notorious in the place where the offender is present, is suspended totally or partially whenever the offender cannot observe it without danger of grave scandal or infamy.

Can. 1353 An appeal or recourse from judicial sentences or from decrees, which impose or declare a penalty, has a suspensive effect.

Title VI. The Remission of Penalties and the Prescription of Actions

Can. 1354 §1. In addition to the persons listed in canons 1355–1356, all who can dispense from a law which includes a penalty or who can exempt from a precept which threatens a penalty can also remit that penalty.
 §2. Moreover, a law or precept which establishes a penalty can also give the power of remission to others.
 §3. If the Apostolic See has reserved the remission of a penalty to itself or to others, the reservation must be interpreted strictly.

Can. 1355 §1. Provided that the penalty has not been reserved to the Apostolic See, the following can remit a penalty established by law, whether imposed ferendae sententiae or declared latae sententiae:
 1° the ordinary who initiated the trial to impose or declare a penalty or who personally or through another imposed or declared it by decree;
 2° the ordinary of the place where the offender is present, after the ordinary mentioned under n. 1 has been consulted unless this is impossible because of extraordinary circumstances.
 §2. Provided that the penalty has not been reserved to the Apostolic See, the following can remit a latae sententiae penalty established by law but which has not yet been declared:
 1° the ordinary with respect of his subjects;
 2° the local ordinary with respect to those present in his territory or those who committed the offense there;
 3° any bishop in the act of sacramental confession.

Can. 1356 §1. The following can remit a ferendae sententiae or latae sententiae penalty established by a precept not issued by the Apostolic See:
 1° the author of the precept;
 2° the ordinary who initiated the process for the imposition or declaration of the penalty, or who personally or through others imposed or declared it by decree;
 3° the local ordinary of the place where the offender is present.
 §2. Before the remission is made, the author of the precept or the one who imposed or declared the penalty must be consulted unless this is impossible because of extraordinary circumstances.

Can. 1357 §1. Without prejudice to the prescripts of canons 508 and 976, a confessor can remit in the internal sacramental forum an undeclared latae sententiae censure of excommunication or interdict if it is burdensome for the penitent to remain in the state of grave sin during the time necessary for the competent superior to make provision.
 §2. In granting the remission, the confessor is to impose on the penitent, under the penalty of reincidence, the obligation of making recourse within a month to the competent superior or to a priest endowed with the faculty and the obligation of obeying his mandates; in the meantime he is to impose a suitable penance and, insofar as it is demanded, reparation of any scandal and damage; however, recourse can also be made through the confessor, without mention of the name.
 §3. When the danger has ceased, those for whom an imposed or declared censure or one reserved to the Apostolic See has been remitted according to the norm of can. 976 are also obliged to make recourse.

Can. 1358 §1. Remission of a censure cannot be granted unless the offender has withdrawn from contumacy according to the norm of can. 1347, §2; it cannot be denied, however, to a person who withdraws from contumacy, without prejudice to the prescript of canon 1361 §4.
 §2 The person who remits a censure can make provision according to the norm of canon 1348 or can even impose a penance.

Can. 1359 If several penalties bind a person, a remission is valid only for the penalties expressed in it; a general remission, however, takes away all penalties except those which the offender in bad faith omitted in the petition.

Can. 1360 The remission of a penalty extorted by force, grave fear or fraud is invalid by the law itself.

Can. 1361 §1. A remission can also be given to a person who is absent or conditionally.
 §2. A remission in the external forum is to be given in writing unless a grave cause suggests otherwise.
 §3. The petition of remission and the remission itself are not to be divulged except insofar as it is either useful to protect the reputation of the offender or necessary to repair scandal.
 §4. The remission must not be granted until, in the prudent judgement of the Ordinary, the offender has repaired any harm that may have been caused. The offender may be urged to make such reparation or restitution by one of the penalties mentioned in canon 1336 §§2-4; the same also applies when a censure is remitted for an offender according to the norm of canon 1358 §1.

Can. 1362 §1. Prescription extinguishes a criminal action after three years unless it concerns:
 1° delicts reserved to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith which are subjected to special norms;
 2° without prejudice to n. 1, an action arising from the delicts mentioned in canons 1376, 1377, 1378, 1393 §1, 1394, 1395, 1397, or 1398 §2, which is prescribed after seven years, or one of the delicts mentioned in canon 1398 §1, which is prescribed after twenty years;
 3° delicts which are not punished in the common law if particular law has established another period for prescription.
 §2. Unless otherwise provided in law, prescription runs from the day on which the delict was committed or, if the delict is continuous or habitual, from the day on which it ceased.
 §3. When the offender has been cited according to the norm of canon 1723 or in the way foreseen in canon 1507 §3 by the notification of the libellus of accusation according to canon 1721 §1, prescription of the criminal action is suspended for three years; after this period has elapsed or been interrupted by suspension, or the cessation of the penal process, the time begins to run again and is added to that which has already passed for prescription. The same suspension similarly applies if the procedure for the imposition or declaration of a penalty by extrajudicial decree proceeds according to canon 1720, n. 1.

Can. 1363 §1. Prescription extinguishes an action to execute a penalty if the offender is not notified of the executive decree of the judge mentioned in can. 1651 within the time limits mentioned in can. 1362; these limits are to be computed from the day on which the condemnatory sentence became a res iudicata.
 §2. Having observed what is required, the same is valid if the penalty was imposed by extrajudicial decree.

Part II. Particular Delicts and their Penalties

Title I. Delicts against the Faith and the Unity of the Church

Can. 1364 §1. Without prejudice to the prescript of can. 194, §1, n. 2, an apostate from the faith, a heretic, or a schismatic incurs a latae sententiae excommunication; in addition, a person can be punished with the penalties mentioned in can. 1336, §§2-4.
 §2. If contumacy of long duration or the gravity of scandal demands it, other penalties can be added, including dismissal from the clerical state.

Can. 1365 In addition to the case mentioned in can. 1364, §1, a person who teaches a doctrine condemned by the Roman Pontiff or an ecumenical council or who obstinately rejects the doctrine mentioned in can. 750, §2 or in can. 752 and who does not retract after having been admonished by the Apostolic See or an ordinary, is to be punished by a censure and privation of office; to these sanctions those mentioned in canon 1336 §§2-4 can be added.

Can. 1366 A person who makes recourse against an act of the Roman Pontiff to an ecumenical council or the college of bishops is to be punished with a censure.

Can. 1367 Parents or those who take the place of parents who hand over their children to be baptized or educated in a non-Catholic religion are to be punished with a censure or other just penalty.

Can. 1368 A person who in a public show or speech, in published writing, or in other uses of the instruments of social communication utters blasphemy, gravely injures good morals, expresses insults, or excites hatred or contempt against religion or the Church is to be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1369 A person who profanes a movable or immovable sacred object is to be punished with a just penalty.

Title II. Delicts against Ecclesiastical Authority and the Exercise of Duties

Can. 1370 §1. A person who uses physical force against the Roman Pontiff incurs a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; if he is a cleric, another penalty, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state, can be added according to the gravity of the delict.
 §2. A person who does this against a bishop incurs a latae sententiae interdict and, if he is a cleric, also a latae sententiae suspension.
 §3. A person who uses physical force against a cleric, a religious or another member of the Christian faithful out of contempt for the faith, the Church, ecclesiastical power, or the ministry is to be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1371 §1. A person who does not obey a legitimate precept or prohibition of the Apostolic See, an ordinary, or a legitimate superior, and persists in disobedience after a warning, is to be punished according to the gravity of the case with a censure, privation of office or other penalties mentioned in canons 1336, §§2-4.
 §2. A person who violates obligations imposed by a penalty is to be punished with the penalties mentioned in canons 1336 §§2-4.
 §3. A person who commits perjury while asserting or promising something before ecclesiastical authority is to be punished with a just penalty.
 §4. A person who violates the obligation of observing the pontifical secret is to be punished with the penalties mentioned in canon 1336 §§2-4.
 §5. A person who fails in the duty to execute an executive sentence or executive penal decree is to be punished with a just penalty, not excluding a censure.
 §6. A person who neglects to report a delict, when required to do so by a canonical law, is to be punished according to the norm of canon 1336 §§2-4, adding other penalties according to the gravity of the offence.

Can. 1372 The following are to be punished according to the norm of canon 1336 §§2-4:
 1° those who impede the freedom of ministry, or of the exercise of ecclesiastical power or the legitimate use of sacred things or ecclesiastical goods or intimidates one who exercises ecclesiastical power or ministry;
 2° those who impede the freedom of an election or intimidate an elector or one elected.

Can. 1373 A person who publicly incites animosities or hatred against the Apostolic See or an ordinary on account of some act of office or ecclesiastical duty or who provokes disobedience against them, is to be punished by an interdict or other just penalties.

Can. 1374 A person who joins an association which plots against the Church is to be punished with a just penalty; however, a person who promotes or directs an association of this kind is to be punished with an interdict.

Can. 1375 §1. Whoever usurps an ecclesiastical office is to be punished with a just penalty.
 §2. Illegitimate retention of a function after its privation or cessation is equivalent to usurpation.

Can. 1376 §1. The following are to be punished with the penalties mentioned in canon 1336 §§2-4, without prejudice to the obligation to repair harm:
 1° a person who steals ecclesiastical goods or hinders the acquisition of their earnings;
 2° a person who either alienates ecclesiastical goods or performs an act of administration with them without the prescribed consultation, consent, or permission, or without another requirement imposed by law for validity or liceity.
 §2. The following are to be punished, not excluding deprivation of office, without prejudice to the obligation to repair harm:
 1° a person who commits the delict mentioned in §1, n. 2 through grave personal negligence;
 2° a person who is found to have been otherwise gravely negligent in the administration of ecclesiastical goods.

Can. 1377 §1. A person who gives or promises something so that someone who exercises an office or function in the Church will do or omit something illegitimately is to be punished with a just penalty according to the norm of canon 1336 §§2-4; likewise, the one who accepts such gifts or promises is to be punished according to the gravity of the delict, not excluding privation of office, and without prejudice to the obligation to repair harm.
 §2. A person who in the exercise of an office or function seeks an offering beyond the established sum, or additional sums, or something for personal benefit, is to be punished with an appropriate monetary fine or with other penalties, not excluding privation of office, and without prejudice to the obligation to repair harm.

Can. 1378 §1. In addition to the cases already foreseen in law, a person who abuses an ecclesiastical power, office or function is to be punished according to the gravity of the act or omission, not excluding privation of the same office, without prejudice to the obligation to repair harm.
 §2. A person who, through culpable negligence and with harm to another or with scandal, illegitimately places or omits an act of ecclesiastical power, office or function is to be punished with a just penalty according to the norm of canon 1336 §§2-4, without prejudice to the obligation to repair harm.

Title III. Offences against the Sacraments

Can. 1379 §1. The following incur a latae sententiae interdict or, if a cleric, also a latae sententiae suspension:
 1° a person who attempts the liturgical action of the Eucharistic sacrifice though not promoted to the sacerdotal order;
 2° apart from the case mentioned in canon 1384, a person who, though unable to give sacramental absolution validly, attempts to impart it or who hears a sacramental confession.
 §2. In the cases mentioned in §1, other penalties, not excluding excommunication, can be added according to the gravity of the delict.
 §3. Both a person who attempts to confer a sacred order on a woman, and the woman who attempts to receive the sacred order, incur a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; a cleric, moreover, can be punished by dismissal from the clerical state.
 §4. A person who deliberately administers a sacrament to those who are prohibited from receiving it is to be punished with suspension, to which other penalties mentioned in canon 1336 §§2-4 may be added.
 §5. A person who, apart from the cases mentioned in §§1-4 and in canon 1384, simulates the administration of a sacrament is to be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1380 A person who celebrates or receives a sacrament through simony is to be punished with an interdict, suspension or one of the penalties mentioned in canon 1336 §§2-4.

Can. 1381 A person guilty of prohibited participation in sacred rites (communicatio in sacris) is to be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1382 §1. A person who throws away the consecrated species or takes or retains them for a sacrilegious purpose incurs a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; moreover, a cleric can be punished with another penalty, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state.
 §2. A person guilty of consecrating for a sacrilegious purpose one or both species within the Eucharistic celebration or outside it is to be punished according to the gravity of the offence, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state.

Can. 1383 A person who illegitimately makes a profit from a Mass offering is to be punished with a censure or the penalties mentioned in canon 1336 §§2-4.

Can. 1384 A priest who acts against the prescript of canon 977 incurs a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See.

Can. 1385 A priest who in the act, on the occasion, or under the pretext of confession solicits a penitent to sin against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue is to be punished, according to the gravity of the delict, by suspension, prohibitions, and privations; in graver cases he is to be dismissed from the clerical state.

Can. 1386 §1. A confessor who directly violates the sacramental seal incurs a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; one who does so only indirectly is to be punished according to the gravity of the delict.
 §2. Interpreters and the others mentioned in canon 983, §2 who violate the secret are to be punished with a just penalty, not excluding excommunication.
 §3. Without prejudice to the prescripts of §§1 and 2, any person who by means of any technical device records or maliciously divulges through means of social communication that which is said by the confessor or the penitent in a sacramental confession, either real or simulated, is to be punished according to the gravity of the delict, not excluding, dismissal from the clerical state, if the person is a cleric.

Can. 1387 A bishop who consecrates someone a bishop without a pontifical mandate and the person who receives the consecration from him incur a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See.

Can. 1388 §1. A bishop who, contrary to the prescript of can. 1015, ordains without legitimate dimissorial letters someone who is not his subject is prohibited for a year from conferring the order. The person who has received the ordination, however, is ipso facto suspended from the order received.
 §2. A person who approaches sacred orders while bound by some censure or irregularity which is voluntarily concealed is ipso facto suspended from the order received, apart from what is established in canon 1044, §2, n. 1.

Can. 1389 In addition to the cases mentioned in cann. 1379-1388, a person who illegitimately performs a priestly function or another sacred ministry can be punished with a just penalty, not excluding a censure.

Title IV. Offences against Good Reputation and the Delict of Falsehood

Can. 1390 §1. A person who falsely denounces before an ecclesiastical superior a confessor for the delict mentioned in can. 1385 incurs a latae sententiae interdict and, if he is a cleric, also a suspension.
 §2. A person who offers an ecclesiastical superior any other calumnious denunciation of a delict or who otherwise unlawfully injures the good reputation of another is to be punished according to the norm of canon 1336 §§2-4, to which a censure can also be added.
 §3. A calumniator must be compelled to make suitable reparation.

Can. 1391 The following are to be punished with the penalties mentioned in can. 1336 §§2-4, according to the gravity of the delict:
 1° a person who produces a false public ecclesiastical document, who changes, destroys, or conceals an authentic one, or who uses a false or altered one;
 2° a person who uses another false or altered document in an ecclesiastical matter;
 3° a person who asserts a falsehood in a public ecclesiastical document.

Title V. Delicts against Special Obligations

Can. 1392 A cleric who voluntarily and Illegitimately abandons the sacred ministry, for six continuous months, with the intention of withdrawing himself from the competent Church authority, is to be punished, according to the gravity of the delict, with suspension or even with the penalties established in canon 1336 §§2-4, and in the more serious cases can be dismissed from the clerical state.

Can. 1393 §1. A cleric or religious who exercises a trade or business contrary to the prescripts of the canons is to be punished according to the gravity of the delict with the penalties mentioned in canon 1336 §§2-4.
 §2. A cleric or religious who, beyond the cases already foreseen in law, commits a delict in a financial matter, or gravely violates the prescriptions enumerated in canon 285 §4, is to be punished with the penalties mentioned in canon 1336 §§2-4, without prejudice to the obligation to repair harm.

Can. 1394 §1. Without prejudice to the prescripts of can. 194 §1, n. 3 and 694 §1, n. 2, a cleric who attempts marriage, even if only civilly, incurs a latae sententiae suspension. If he does not repent after being warned or continues to give scandal, he must be punished gradually by privations or even by dismissal from the clerical state.
 §2. A perpetually professed religious who is not a cleric and who attempts marriage, even if only civilly, incurs a latae sententiae interdict, without prejudice to the prescript of can. 694 §1 n. 2.

Can. 1395 §1. A cleric who lives in concubinage, other than the case mentioned in can. 1394, and a cleric who persists with scandal in another external sin against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue is to be punished by a suspension. If he persists in the delict after a warning, other penalties can gradually be added, including dismissal from the clerical state.
 §2. A cleric who in another way has committed an offense against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue, if the delict was committed publicly, is to be punished with just penalties, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state if the case so warrants.
 §3. A cleric who has committed a delict against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue by force, threats or abuse of his authority or who forces someone to perform or submit to sexual acts is to be punished by the same penalty mentioned in §2.

Can. 1396 A person who gravely violates the obligation of residence which binds by reason of ecclesiastical office is to be punished by a just penalty, not excluding, after a warning, privation from office.

Title VI. Delicts against Human Life, Dignity and Liberty

Can. 1397 §1. A person who commits a homicide or who kidnaps, detains, mutilates, or gravely wounds a person by force or fraud is to be punished, according to the gravity of the delict, with the penalties mentioned in canon 1336 §§2-4. Homicide against the persons mentioned in can. 1370, however, is to be punished by the penalties established there and also by those in §3 of this canon.
 §2. A person who procures a completed abortion incurs a latae sententiae excommunication.
 §3. A cleric guilty of a delict treated in this canon, in more serious cases, is to be dismissed from the clerical state.

Can. 1398 §1. A cleric is to be punished with privation of office and other just penalties, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state, if the case demands it, if he:
 1° commits a delict against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue with a minor or with a person who habitually has an imperfect use of reason or with one recognized by law with equal protection;
 2° grooms or induces a minor or a person who habitually has an imperfect use of reason or one recognized by law with equal protection to expose himself or herself pornographically or to take part in pornographic exhibitions, whether real or simulated;
 3° immorally acquires, retains, exhibits or distributes, in whatever manner and by whatever instrument, pornographic images of minors or of persons who habitually have an imperfect use of reason.
 §2. A member of an institute of consecrated life or of a society of apostolic life, or a member of the faithful who enjoys a dignity or performs an office or function in the Church, who commits a delict mentioned in §1 or in canon 1395 §3 is to be punished according to the norm of canon 1336 §§2-4, adding also other penalties according to the gravity of the offence.

Title VII. General Norm

Can. 1399 In addition to the cases established here or in other laws, the external violation of a divine or canonical law can be punished by a just penalty only when the special gravity of the violation demands punishment and there is an urgent need to prevent or repair scandals.